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Peptide Encyclopedia / Oxytocin

Encyclopedia

Oxytocin

Oxytocin is a nine-amino-acid pituitary neuropeptide hormone that drives uterine contraction and milk let-down and shapes social behavior. The FDA approved the injection, such as Pitocin, for labor and postpartum bleeding, while intranasal use stays investigational. Educational only, not medical advice.

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CategoryCognitive
Half-life1-6 minutes (commonly cited around
Regulatory statusFDA-approved as an injection (e.

Mechanism

A nine-amino-acid posterior-pituitary neuropeptide hormone that binds oxytocin receptors to stimulate uterine smooth-muscle contraction and milk-ejection (let-down); it also has central roles in social/affiliative behavior.

Half-life

Short; plasma half-life of roughly 1-6 minutes (commonly cited around 3-5 minutes).

Regulatory status

FDA-approved as an injection (e.g., Pitocin) for initiation/improvement of uterine contractions during labor and for postpartum uterine bleeding control. Intranasal oxytocin for social/psychiatric uses is not FDA-approved and is investigational or compounded.

Safety

Injectable use can cause uterine hyperstimulation, hypotension/arrhythmias, water intoxication/hyponatremia with prolonged infusion, and fetal distress; must be used under medical supervision. Intranasal forms have a milder reported profile but limited long-term data.

Evidence

Approved drug with decades of obstetric human evidence; behavioral/psychiatric applications remain investigational.

Sources

  1. Argiolas A, Melis MR. Oxytocin, Erectile Function and Sexual Behavior. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(19):10376. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34638719/
  2. Cardoso C, et al. Intranasal oxytocin attenuates the cortisol response to physical stress: a dose-response study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013;38(3):399-407. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22889586/
  3. Cardoso C, et al. Meta-analytic review of intranasal oxytocin on cortisol during laboratory tasks. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014;49:161-170. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25086828/
  4. MacDonald E, et al. Review of safety, side-effects and subjective reactions to intranasal oxytocin. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011;36(8):1114-1126. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21429671/
  5. Behnia B, et al. Differential effects of intranasal oxytocin on sexual experiences and partner interactions in couples. Horm Behav. 2014;65(3):308-318. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24503174/
  6. Burri A, et al. Acute effects of intranasal oxytocin on endocrine and sexual function in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008;33(5):591-600. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18375073/
  7. Thackare H, et al. Oxytocin troches as adjunct to testosterone and ED medication for men. J Sex Med. 2023;20(Suppl 1). https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article/20/Supplement_1/qdad060.288/7164732

PepWise is an informational and educational tracking tool, not medical advice and not a medical device. Oxytocin may be experimental, restricted, or prescription-only; many research peptides are not FDA-approved. Consult a licensed healthcare provider before starting, changing, or stopping any protocol. Operated by STC Consulting, Inc.